A generic implementation for safely executing any kind of function in its best possible way should be served similar to e.g. call / apply / bind as method of Function.prototype respectively AsyncFunction.prototype ...

function exposeInternalType(value) {
  return Object.prototype.toString.call(value);
}

function isAsyncFuntionType(value) {
  return exposeInternalType(value) === '[object AsyncFunction]';
}
function isFunction(value) {
  return (
    typeof value === 'function' &&
    typeof value.call === 'function' &&
    typeof value.apply === 'function'
  );
}

function execute/*Safely*/(target, ...args) {
  const proceed = this;

  let result = null;
  let error = null;

  if (isFunction(proceed)) {
    if (isAsyncFuntionType(proceed)) {

      error = new TypeError(
        'The non-async `execute` exclusively can be invoked at non-async callable types.'
      );
    } else {
      try {
        result = proceed.apply(target ?? null, args);

      } catch (/** @type {Error} */exception) {

        error = exception;
      }
    }
  } else {
    error = new TypeError(
      '`execute` exclusively can be invoked at a callable type.'
    );
  }
  return [/** @type {null|Error} */error, result];
}
async function executeAsync/*Safely*/(target, ...args) {
  const proceed = this;

  let result = null;
  let reason = null;
  let error = null;

  if (isFunction(proceed)) {
    try {
      result = await proceed.apply(target ?? null, args);

    } catch (/** @type {string|Error} */exception) {

      reason = exception;
    }
  } else {
    error = new TypeError(
      '`execute` exclusively can be invoked at a callable type.'
    );
  }
  return [/** @type {null|string|Error} */reason ?? error, result];
}

Reflect.defineProperty(Function.prototype, 'execute', {
  value: execute,
  writable: true,
  configurable: true,
});
Reflect.defineProperty((async function () {}).constructor.prototype, 'execute', {
  value: executeAsync,
  writable: true,
  configurable: true,
});

function eitherThrowOrNot() {
  const value = Math.random();
  if (Math.floor(value + .5) === 1) {
    throw new Error;
  } else {
    return value;
  }
}
async function eitherThrowOrNotAsync() {
  return new Promise(resolve =>
    setTimeout(resolve, 500, eitherThrowOrNot()),
  );
}
let [error, result] = await eitherThrowOrNotAsync.execute();
console.log({ error, result });

([error, result] = eitherThrowOrNot.execute());
console.log({ error, result });